石油精炼工艺手册Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes

ALKYLATION AND POLYMERIZATION P ● A ● R ● T ● 1 Source: HANDBOOK OF PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. 1.3 CHAPTER 1.1 NExOCTANE™ TECHNOLOGY FOR ISOOCTANE PRODUCTION Ronald Birkhoff Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc. (KBR) Matti Nurminen Fortum Oil and Gas Oy INTRODUCTION Environmental issues are threatening the future use of MTBE (methyl-tert-butyl ether) in gasoline in the United States. Since the late 1990s, concerns have arisen over ground and drinking water contamination with MTBE due to leaking of gasoline from underground storage tanks and the exhaust from two-cycle engines. In California a number of cases of drinking water pollution with MTBE have occurred. As a result, the elimination of MTBE in gasoline in California was mandated, and legislation is now set to go in effect by the end of 2003. The U.S. Senate has similar law under preparation, which would eliminate MTBE in the 2006 to 2010 time frame. With an MTBE ph......